Every text message, photograph, and saved file still comes down to a simple bargain: information is stored as either 0 or 1. That binary system built modern computing, and for decades engineers kept ...

Amorphous materials such as glass are solids whose internal structure lacks a repeating pattern. Their molecules are arranged ...

Shape-memory metals, which can revert from one shape to a different one simply by being warmed or otherwise triggered, have been useful in a variety of applications, as actuators that can control the ...

In recent years, two-dimensional materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (for example MoS₂ and WSe₂) and emerging layered compounds have become central to next-generation memory ...